The ICAO Environmental Report 2016 is the Organization’s opportunity to share information on the progress made over the last three years across key areas of ICAO’s environmental protection activities. This fourth edition builds on the success of the past reports. This compendium of technical and scientific articles informs the public of the work of the ICAO Secretariat, ICAO Member States and the many other stakeholders involved. As such, it is considered as the reference document in the area of international aviation and the environment and captures all main developments in this field.
The ICAO Environmental Report 2016 presents the work of the Committee on Aviation Environmental Protection (CAEP), which involves more than 600 internationally recognized experts, in areas such as noise, air quality, climate change but also aircraft end-of-life and recycling and climate change adaptation. This report also showcases the importance of partnerships, should it be in the context of assistance and capacity-building projects, with international bodies or with UN organizations.
In this edition, concrete case studies have been added to illustrate the quantified benefits of the mitigation actions developed and supported by ICAO. Major steps have been taken since the 38th Session of the ICAO Assembly in 2013 to equip States with the tools needed to pave the way for an environmentally sustainable future, and some initiatives are already bearing fruit.
ICAO Environmental Report 2016.pdf
Table of contents
| INTRODUCTORY MESSAGES |
| 4 Demonstrating Leadership: Dr. Olumuyiwa Benard Aliu, President of the ICAO Council |
| 5 Now Boarding: Dr. Fang Liu, ICAO Secretary General |
| Table of Contents |
| 8 The Trienium in Review: Towards Environmental Sustainability: Mr Boubacar Djibo, ICAO Director Air Transport Bureau |
| 9 Our Flight Plan: Ms. Jane Hupe, ICAO Deputy Director, Environment |
| 10 Committee on Aviation Environmental Protection (CAEP) |
| CHAPTER 1 - AVIATION AND ENVIRONMENTAL OUTLOOK |
| 15 Overview |
| 16 Environmental Trends in Aviation to 2050 |
| 23 European Models Strengthen Interoperability in Support of CAEP |
| CHAPTER 2 - AIRCRAFT NOISE |
| 27 Reducing Aircraft Noise - Overview |
| 30 Aviation Noise Impacts: State of the Science |
| 38 Overview of Aviation Noise Research Effort Supported by the European Union |
| 42 Helicopter Noise Reduction Technology Advancements |
| 46 Reducing Sonic Boom - A Collective Effort Status Report |
| 50 Aircraft Noise Models for Assessment of Noise Around Airports – Improvements and Limitations |
| 56 Using Ecoflight Building Software Suite for Predictive Assessment and Development of Compensation Measures to Mitigate Impacts of Aircraft Noise in Areas Near Airports |
| 60 Airport Planning Manual Part 2 – Land Use and Environmental Management |
| 63 Community Engagement |
| 65 10 years Mediation Contract – 10 years of “Dialogue Forum” |
| 68 Moving Towards a 4th Generation in Aircraft Noise Management |
| CHAPTER 3 - LOCAL AIR QUALITY |
| 73 Local Air Quality - Overview |
| 75 Aviation Impacts on Air Quality: State of the Science |
| 82 New and Improved LAQ Models for Assessment of Aircraft Engine Emissions and Air Pollution in and Around Airports |
| 85 New Particulate Matter Standard for Aircraft Gas Turbine Engines |
| 89 From Smoke to Nanoparticles: International Measurement Campaigns for the Establishment of a New nvPM Regulation |
| 93 Measures to Reduce Particulate Matters at an Airport: The Case of Copenhagen Airport |
| CHAPTER 4 - GLOBAL EMISSIONS |
| 97 Introduction to the ICAO Basket of Measures |
| 99 Aviation Impacts on Climate: State of the Science |
| 108 ICAO Cargo and Passenger Calculator |
| 112 The CAEP/10 recommendation on a new ICAO Aeroplane CO2 Emissions Standard |
| 115 Pushing the Aircraft and Engine Technology Envelope to Reduce CO2 Emissions |
| 119 Speeding Development of Technologies to Make Aircraft Cleaner, Quieter and More Fuel Efficient |
| 120 Environmental Benefits Assessment of Aviation System Block Upgrades |
| 125 Sharing Experience and Learning to Improve Environmental Assessments of Proposed Air Traffic Management Operational Changes |
| 129 Study on the Variation in the Fuel Consumed and Emissions Produced by Aircraft in the Airspace Managed by ASECNA |
| 132 SESAR - Achieving Environmental Benefits Through Operational Efficiency |
| 136 Engaging Airlines and Airports on Continuous Descent Operations |
| 138 How NATS Manages Airspace Efficiency |
| 141 ICAO’s Work on the Development of a Global MBM Scheme for International Aviation |
| 146 Aviation, Offsets and the Paris Agreement |
| 149 Carbon Markets, the Simple Reality |
| 151 CDM Methodologies |
| 153 Progress in Clean Renewable Energy Sources for Aviation |
| 155 How SkyNRG is Taking Sustainable Jet Fuel to the Next Level |
| 159 Sustainable Alternative Fuels: An Opportunity for Airport Leadership |
| 163 Looking Beyond CO2 |
| 166 SE4All Sustainable Bioenergy Group: Partnering to Promote Sustainable Aviation Biofuels |
| 168 Aviation’s Carbon Footprint Reduction Through Sustainable Alternative Fuels |
| 172 Flying Green - More Than Just a Campaign |
| 174 The E-Fan Project |
| 177 Cochin International Airport - World’s First Solar-Powered Airport |
| CHAPTER 5 - STATE ACTION PLANS |
| 179 Overview |
| 182 The Development of Burkina Faso’s State Action Plan |
| 184 Environmental Project: ICAO-European Union |
| 187 The Central American Action Plan for the Reduction of Emissions from International Civil Aviation and its Update |
| 189 The Development of Spain’s Action Plan: Benefits and Lessons Learned |
| 191 ICAO, UNDP and GEF – progressing the global climate agenda together |
| CHAPTER 6 - AIRCRAFT END-OF-LIFE AND RECYCLING |
| 194 The Aircraft Life-Cycle: “Reduce, Re-use, Recycle” |
| 196 AFRA – Leading the Way in Safe and Sustainable Aircraft End-of-Life Management |
| 199 The Future of Sustainable, End-of-Life Aircraft Management |
| CHAPTER 7 - CLIMATE CHANGE ADAPTATION AND RESILIENCE |
| 202 Climate Adaptation and Resilience in International Aviation |
| 205 The Impacts of Climate Change on Aviation: Scientific Challenges and Adaptation Pathways |
| 208 Adapting Aviation to a Changing Climate |
| 211 Adapting Airports to a New Climate |
| 214 Brisbane Airport’s New Parallel Runway Project - Climate Change Adaptation Measures |
| CHAPTER 8 - PARTNERSHIPS |
| 218 Message from Ban-Ki Moon, Secretary General of the United Nations |
| 219 Creating Opportunities for the Aviation Sector through Sustainable Development by Erik Solheim, Executive Director United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP) |
| 220 Message from Christina Figueres, Executive Secretary of the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) |
| 221 International Aviation and Carbon Markets: From Agreement to Action by John Roome, Senior Director Climate Change, The World Bank Group |
| 222 Message from Tony Tyler, Director General and CEO of the International Air Transport Association (IATA) |
| 224 Message from Angela Gittens, Director General of Airport Council International (ACI) |
| 225 Message from David F. Melcher, President and CEO, Aerospace Industries Association and Chair of the International Coordinating Council for Aerospace Industries Associations (ICCAIA) |
| 226 Message from Jeff Poole, Director General, CANSO |
| 227 Message from Tim Johnson, Director of Aviation Environment Federation, on behalf of the International Coalition for Sustainable Aviation |
| 228 BIOGRAPHIES |
| 246 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS |
247 ICAO ENVIRONMENTAL PUBLICATIONS
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